Orthodontics, a frequently prominent branch of dentistry, is a field that focuses on improving the improper closing of the mouth caused by crooked teeth, a condition known as malocclusion. Generally recognized through braces treatment, this branch also includes many different treatment methods. Orthodontic treatments can begin at an early age, but they can also be applied during adulthood if necessary. In addition, during these treatments it is very important to know tips for maintaining oral health and to perform proper oral hygiene and care. Besides irregularities, crowding, and jaw disorders in the teeth, some problems in the lower and middle facial region can also be corrected with orthodontic treatment.
What is Orthodontic Treatment?
Orthodontics, a branch of dentistry aimed at correcting problems caused by teeth being misaligned, crooked, spaced, or improperly positioned on the jawbone, also includes the diagnosis and treatment of jaw and facial irregularities. The main purpose of the treatments applied at this stage is to ensure that the teeth are properly aligned, prevent possible chewing and speech problems, and achieve harmony between the jaw and the teeth. For example, the jaw being positioned too far forward or backward is also considered an orthodontic problem. Accordingly, orthodontic treatment aims to gradually align the teeth and bring them into the proper position.
Orthodontic treatment commonly uses the following methods:
Braces:
Also known as brackets or fixed appliances, these are the most frequently used method in orthodontic treatment. Brackets are ceramic or metal materials attached to the teeth that gradually move them into the desired position. Braces are supported by different materials depending on the level of crowding, gaps between teeth, or problems in the relationship between the jaws.
Clear Aligners (Invisalign):
Especially in recent years, these dental devices have been preferred by both children and adults because they are less noticeable than braces and are suitable for individuals with aesthetic concerns. They provide greater comfort and are easier to clean compared to traditional braces. These aligners can be removed and worn during the day and are usually replaced every week or every ten days. Like braces, clear aligners effectively correct crowding, gaps between teeth, jaw narrowness, and other orthodontic problems.
Lingual Brackets:
Unlike traditional braces, these braces are placed on the inner surface of the teeth and are not visible from the outside. They are ideal for patients who care about their appearance. Their working mechanism is similar to traditional braces. However, they are less commonly preferred today because they are harder to clean and may affect speech.
Elastics:
These materials, some fixed and some removable, are used temporarily during treatment to close gaps between teeth, move teeth into certain positions, and correct bite relationships between the jaws.
Surgery:
These operations, called orthognathic surgery, are applied to individuals with skeletal structural disorders who have completed their growth period. Surgical procedures are considered a stage of orthodontic treatment and should not be evaluated as a separate treatment method. Conditions such as the upper or lower jaw being too far forward or backward, as well as facial deformities like cleft lip and palate, are usually treated in this way.
In addition to eliminating aesthetic concerns, these treatments help individuals achieve healthier oral and jaw functions and also play an important role in maintaining overall oral health. They may also be required to prevent tooth decay, tooth loss, or gum diseases.